[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.c600.cz\/uloha-statu-v-ekonomice\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.c600.cz\/uloha-statu-v-ekonomice\/","headline":"\u00daloha st\u00e1tu v ekonomice","name":"\u00daloha st\u00e1tu v ekonomice","description":"St\u00e1t je jedn\u00edm z ekonomick\u00fdch subjekt\u016f, jeho\u017e hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem je vytvo\u0159it podm\u00ednky pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed tr\u017en\u00edch mechanism\u016f. Trh neum\u00ed efektivn\u011b \u0159e\u0161it...","datePublished":"2020-03-12","dateModified":"2024-05-06","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.c600.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.c600.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9994033610bfa8d5c75e7c2dd1b5bdd54900f4ed2e7e5c6722d4887246e31af4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9994033610bfa8d5c75e7c2dd1b5bdd54900f4ed2e7e5c6722d4887246e31af4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"c600.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.c600.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a372909_w4322_t1584438957.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.c600.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a372909_w4322_t1584438957.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.c600.cz\/uloha-statu-v-ekonomice\/","about":["Politika"],"wordCount":495,"articleBody":" St\u00e1t je jedn\u00edm z ekonomick\u00fdch subjekt\u016f, jeho\u017e hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem je vytvo\u0159it podm\u00ednky pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed tr\u017en\u00edch mechanism\u016f. Trh neum\u00ed efektivn\u011b \u0159e\u0161it v\u0161echny ekonomick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s\u00e1m a t\u00edm vznik\u00e1 \u201etr\u017en\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c nut\u00edc\u00ed st\u00e1t k z\u00e1sahu do chodu ekonomiky. St\u00e1t do ekonomiky zasahuje pomoc\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u201ehospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed politiky\u201c, co\u017e je soustava konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch pravidel a opat\u0159en\u00ed jimi\u017e st\u00e1t usm\u011br\u0148uje ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj. P\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to politiky se vyty\u010d\u00ed 4 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed c\u00edle \u2013 ekonomick\u00fd r\u016fst, zam\u011bstnanost, stabilita cen a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rovnov\u00e1ha (tj. v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 platebn\u00ed bilance).  V r\u00e1mci mikro- i makroekonomie st\u00e1t pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 4 \u201en\u00e1stroje\u201c: Makroekonomick\u00e1 (stabiliza\u010dn\u00ed) politika(se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy): Rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1 (fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed) politikavyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edjmovou a v\u00fddajovou str\u00e1nku st\u00e1tn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu. Hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje jsou dan\u011b, st\u00e1tn\u00ed n\u00e1kupy statk\u016f a slu\u017eeb a \u201etransfery\u201c. Pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed a \u00fav\u011brov\u00e1 (monet\u00e1rn\u00ed) politikaje provozov\u00e1na zejm\u00e9na \u201ecentr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou\u201c. Zaji\u0161\u0165uje stabilizaci kupn\u00ed s\u00edly pen\u011bz, kontrolu inflace, vliv na mno\u017estv\u00ed pen\u011bz v ob\u011bhu a emise dluhopis\u016f. D\u016fchodov\u00e1 politika se zam\u011b\u0159uje na stabilizaci \u201em\u011bnov\u00e9 hladiny\u201c ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdvoje mezd, zisk\u016f a cen (k ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed nap\u0159. DPH).  Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed (celn\u00ed a kurzov\u00e1) politika usiluje o regulaci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu. Je protekcionistick\u00e1 (chr\u00e1n\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed trh p\u0159ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed konkurenc\u00ed) \u010d liber\u00e1ln\u00ed (odstra\u0148uje dovozn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky). Mikroekonomick\u00e1 politikausiluje o dosa\u017een\u00ed \u201ed\u00edl\u010d\u00edch ekonomick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f\u201c. Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 politikase sna\u017e\u00ed ovlivnit strukturu zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Industri\u00e1ln\u00ed politikase sna\u017e\u00ed ovlivnit strukturu pr\u016fmyslu (nap\u0159. podpora tradi\u010dn\u00edch obor\u016f) Struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed politikavyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 finan\u010dn\u00ed fondy pro vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00ed region\u016f (nap\u0159. dotace, restrukturalizace pr\u016fmyslu, revitalizace pr\u016fmyslu\u2026) Obchodn\u00ed politikapou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 makroekonomick\u00e9 metody, ale soust\u0159ed\u00ed se na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed oblast. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 ekonomiky je \u201est\u00e1tn\u00ed rozpo\u010det\u201c (= finan\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n st\u00e1tu obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed odhad p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f a rozd\u011blen\u00ed v\u00fddaj\u016f pro 1 rok). Je navr\u017een Ministerstvem financ\u00ed a schv\u00e1len Poslaneckou sn\u011bmovnou, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b neschv\u00e1len\u00ed nast\u00e1v\u00e1 \u201erozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 provizorium\u201ca funguje rozpo\u010det z lo\u0148ska. P\u0159\u00edjmy do rozpo\u010dtu jsou nap\u0159. dan\u011b, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, pokuty \u010di zisky ze st\u00e1tn\u00edch podnik\u016f. V\u00fddaji jsou nap\u0159. dotace na opravy infrastruktur a rekonstrukce instituc\u00ed, humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoc \u010di platby starobn\u00edch a invalidn\u00edch d\u016fchod\u016f. Rozpo\u010det m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyrovnan\u00fd, p\u0159ebytkov\u00fd \u010di schodkov\u00fd. Posledn\u00ed zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd typ je nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, jeho d\u016fsledkem je vznik st\u00e1tn\u00edho dluhu, ten je \u0159e\u0161en prodejem st\u00e1tn\u00edch dluhopis\u016f a p\u016fj\u010dkami ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         4\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u00daloha st\u00e1tu v ekonomice","item":"https:\/\/www.c600.cz\/uloha-statu-v-ekonomice\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]